Article

그림교환의사소통체계(PECS)를 활용한 긍정적 행동지원이 자폐성장애 초등학생의 문제행동에 미치는 영향*

한은선1, 김은경2,*
Eun Seon Han1, Eun Kyung Kim2,*
Author Information & Copyright
1단국대학교 특수교육대학원
2단국대학교 특수교육과
*교신저자 (eun67@dankook.ac.kr)

ⓒ Copyright 2016, The Daesoon Academy of Sciences. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: Sep 12, 2016; Revised: Oct 16, 2016; Accepted: Oct 17, 2016

Published Online: Oct 31, 2016

요약

이 연구에서는 그림교환 의사소통체계(PECS)를 활용한 긍정적 행동지원이 자폐성장애 초등학생의 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구 대상은 초등학교 특수학급의 중증 자폐성장애 학생 1명으로 복합중재설계를 이용하여 그림교환 의사소통체계(PECS)를 활용한 개별차원의 긍정적 행동지원 중재를 실시하였다. 특수학급 쉬는 시간 및 수업시간에 배경 및 선행사건 중재, 대체기술 교수 중재, 후속결과 중재를 포함하는 긍정적 행동지원을 실시하였으며 중재가 끝난 2주 후 유지 효과를 관찰하고 특수교사 및 특수교육과 학부생 50명을 대상으로 사회적 타당도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과 그림교환 의사소통 체계(PECS)를 활용한 긍정적 행동지원을 통하여 대상 학생의 획득 기능 문제행동이 현저히 감소하였으며 회피 기능 문제행동은 약간 감소하였고 중재가 종료된 후에도 중재의 효과가 유지되었다. 이 연구는 그림교환 의사소통 체계(PECS)를 활용한 긍정적 행동지원이 무발화 자폐성장애 초등학생에게 의사소통의 형태를 갖추게 함으로써 문제행동 지도에 효과적으로 적용 가능함을 보여주었다는 것과 감각자극에 문제를 지닌 자폐성장애 초등학생에게 긍정적 행동지원 중재를 할 때 효과적인 중재와 효과성이 덜 나타난 중재의 차이를 보여주었다는데 그 의의가 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of positive behavior support(PBS) intervention using Picture Exchange Communication System(PECS) on problem behaviors of the elementary school student with autism spectrum disorder. For the study, a child with autism spectrum disorder was selected and individualized PBS with functional assessment were implemented using multiple treatment design. PECS intervention was conducted with setting events and antecedent events, alternative behaviors, consequences. The baseline and intervention were observed in a special class room during study and break time. Remaining effects were observed two weeks after last intervention. Social validity were measured by 50 people, who work as a special education teacher or special education students at university. The results of this study is as follows. First, the effect of PBS intervention using PECS makes strong decrease of acquisition function behavior and little decrease of evasion function behavior. Second, the effect of PBS intervention using PECS was maintained even after intervention ended. Third, social validity of this research was over average level, makes chance to apply this intervention on public education. The significance of this study is as follows. First, PBS intervention using PECS can be applied reducing problem behavior of an non-verbal elementary school student with severe autism used as a kind of communications. Second, PBS intervention using PECS made significant differences between effective and less effective intervention applied at an elementary school student with autism spectrum disorder who have problem at sensory stimulus.

Keywords: 그림교환의사소통체계; 긍정적 행동지원; 자폐성장애 초등학생; 문제행동
Keywords: Picture exchange communication system; positive behavior support; autism spectrum disorders; problem behaviors