Journal of Behavior Analysis and Support
Korean Association for Behavior Analysis
Article

응용행동분석에 기반한 행동계약이 지적장애 학생의 자기관리 기술에 미치는 효과*

강영모1, 양문봉2,*
Youngmo Kang1, Moonbong Yang2,*
1서울정애학교, 교사
2백석대학교 특수교육과, 교수
1Seoul Jungae School
2Beackseok University
*교신저자(ymbong@bu.ac.kr)

ⓒ Copyright 2021, The Daesoon Academy of Sciences. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: Feb 09, 2021; Revised: Apr 06, 2021; Accepted: Apr 18, 2021

Published Online: Apr 30, 2021

Abstract

본 연구는 응용행동분석에 기반한 행동계약이 지적장애 학생의 자기관리 기술에 미치는 효과를 살펴보기 위해 초등학교 특수학급 2학년 학생 1명과 특수학교 전공과 1학년 학생 1명을 대상으로 행동계약을 실시 하였다. 선행연구를 바탕으로 행동계약에 필요한 공통 구성요소들을 포함하여 행동계약서를 작성하였다. 자기관리 기술은 학생 개인에게 필요한 일상생활 기술 중에서도 날마다 수행할 확률이 높은 규칙적이고 반복적인 일과행동을 선정하였다. 특히 표적행동의 선정에서부터 행동계약서 작성, 행동계약 실시, 행동 계약 종료에 이르기까지 전 과정에서 자기관리 역량과 관련 있는 요소를 고려하였다. 학생 A와 학생 B의 실험은 각각 학교와 가정에서 진행하였으며 반전설계를 활용하여 기능적 관계를 입증하였다. 시각적으로 분석한 연구 결과, 응용행동분석에 기반한 행동계약은 지적장애 학생의 자기관리 기술을 증가시키는 데 효과가 있었다. 학교에서 관찰한 중재의 효과는 이후에도 유지되었으며 가정에서 관찰한 중재의 효과는 학교 환경에서도 일반화되었다. 연구 전반에 관한 논의와 제언을 서술하였다.

Abstract

In order to examine the effects of applied behavior analysis-based behavioral contracts have on self-management skills of students with intellectual disabilities, in this study, behavioral contracts were implemented for a total of 2 students, one 2nd grade student in an elementary school special class and one 1st grade student attending post-high school specialized vocational program in special school. Based on previous studies, the behavioral contracts were prepared by including the common components required for the behavioral contracts. As for the self-management skills, regular and repetitive daily behaviors with a high probability to perform everyday were selected among the daily life skills required for individual students. In particular, factors related to self-management competency were considered in the whole process starting from selecting target behavior to writing the behavioral contracts, implementing the behavioral contracts, and ending the behavioral contracts. The experiments of student A and student B were conducted at school and at home, respectively, and functional relation was demonstrated by applying a reversal design. As a result of visual analysis, the applied behavior analysis-based behavioral contracts were effective in increasing the self-management skills of students with intellectual disabilities. The effects of intervention observed in school were maintained afterwards, and the effects of intervention at home were also generalized in the school environment. Discussion and suggestions for the overall study have been described.

Keywords: 응용행동분석(ABA); 행동계약(유관계약); 지적장애 학생; 자기관리 기술
Keywords: Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA); Behavioral contract (Contingency contract); Students with intellectual disabilities; Self-management skills